Peripheral Arterial Disease Screening

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a common circulation problem in which the arteries that carry blood to the legs or arms become narrowed or clogged. This interferes with the normal flow of blood, sometimes causing limb pain, cramping, or fatigue, but often causing no symptoms at all. The most common cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, often called "hardening of the arteries." Left untreated, this insufficient blood flow will lead to limb amputation in some patients.

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease Screening?

PAD screening is done by using the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The ankle-brachial index measures the ratio between the pressure in your arms and legs. This ratio indicates how well blood flows to the legs. A ratio of less than 0.90 indicates possible peripheral arterial disease. A ratio of 0.90 or greater is considered normal.

How is Test Performed?

The ABI screening is simple and painless. After removing your socks and shoes, you will have pressure cuffs placed around your upper arms and ankles. A small ultrasound device will then measure the blood pressures in your limbs. If possible, you will then briefly exercise on a treadmill and repeat measurements will be made.

About PAD

• PAD is a disease of the arteries that affects 10 million Americans.
• PAD can happen to anyone, regardless of age, but it is most common in men and women over age 50.
• PAD affects 12-20 percent of Americans age 65 and older.
• PAD is under-recognized in women. Women with PAD have four times the risk of heart attack and stroke.
• A person with an ABI of 0.3 (high risk) has a 2 to 3 fold increased risk of 5-year cardiovascular death compared to a patient with an ABI of 0.95 (normal or low risk).

PAD Risk Factors

• Are over age 50
• Have a family history of vascular disease, such as PAD, aneurysm, heart attack or stroke
• Have high cholesterol and/or high lipid blood test
• Have diabetes
• Have ever smoked or smoke now
• Have an inactive lifestyle
• Have a personal history of high blood pressure, heart disease, or other vascular disease
• Have trouble walking that involves cramping or tiredness in the muscle with walking or exercising, which is relieved by resting
• Have pain in the legs or feet that awaken you at night